Arduino-HelloWorld

In the world of Arduino, the equivalent of a "Hello, World!" program is typically a simple sketch that blinks an LED on the Arduino board. This basic example helps you get familiar with the Arduino environment and ensures that your board is working correctly.

Blinking an LED: The "Hello, World!" of Arduino

Here’s a step-by-step guide to writing and running this basic sketch:

1. Set Up Your Arduino

Connect your Arduino board to your computer using a USB cable.
Open the Arduino IDE.

2. Write the Code

Enter the following code into the Arduino IDE:

cpp
// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.
    const int ledPin = 13; // the number of the LED pin
    
    // The setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board.
    void setup() {
      // Initialize the digital pin as an output.
      pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
    }
    
    // The loop function runs over and over again forever.
    void loop() {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);   // Turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
      delay(1000);                  // Wait for a second
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);    // Turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
      delay(1000);                  // Wait for a second
    }

3. Upload the Code to the Arduino

Click the "Verify" button (checkmark icon) to compile the code.
Click the "Upload" button (right arrow icon) to upload the code to your Arduino board.

4. Observe the LED

After uploading, you should see the built-in LED (usually connected to pin 13) on your Arduino board start to blink on and off in one-second intervals.

Explanation of the Code

Variable Declaration:
```
cpp
const int ledPin = 13;
    
```
This line declares a constant integer variable ledPin and assigns it the value 13, which corresponds to the pin number connected to the LED.
setup() Function:
```
cpp
void setup() {
      pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
    }
    
```
The setup() function runs once when the Arduino board is powered on or reset. It initializes pin 13 as an output pin using the pinMode() function.
loop() Function:
```
cpp
void loop() {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
      delay(1000);
    }
    
```
The loop() function runs repeatedly after the setup() function. It turns the LED on by setting ledPin to HIGH, waits for 1000 milliseconds (1 second) using the delay() function, turns the LED off by setting ledPin to LOW, and then waits for another second. This creates a blinking effect.

Additional Tips

Built-in LED: Most Arduino boards have a built-in LED connected to pin 13. However, if your board doesn't, you can connect an external LED and a resistor (220Ω) to pin 13 and GND.

Serial Monitor: To see more complex outputs, you can use the Serial Monitor in the Arduino IDE for debugging and displaying messages.

cpp
void setup() {
      Serial.begin(9600); // Start serial communication at 9600 baud rate
      pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
    }
    
    void loop() {
      digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
      Serial.println("LED is ON");
      delay(1000);
      digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
      Serial.println("LED is OFF");
      delay(1000);
    }

Open the Serial Monitor from the Arduino IDE (Tools > Serial Monitor or Ctrl+Shift+M) to see the messages.

This simple sketch and setup are your first steps into the world of Arduino. Once you have this working, you can start exploring more advanced projects and functionalities.

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