An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device that consists of a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected via programmable interconnects. Unlike traditional processors or fixed-function chips (ASICs), FPGAs can be reprogrammed to perform a variety of tasks after manufacturing. This flexibility makes them ideal for applications that require custom hardware solutions without the long design cycles and high costs associated with custom silicon.

Key Features of FPGAs:

1. Reprogrammability: FPGAs can be programmed and reprogrammed with different logic functions, making them versatile for prototyping and production.
2. Parallelism: FPGAs allow for parallel processing, enabling efficient execution of tasks that can be broken into smaller operations.
3. Low Latency: FPGAs provide hardware-level execution, minimizing delays and making them suitable for time-sensitive tasks.

Applications:

• Digital signal processing (DSP): Image and video processing, audio filtering, etc.
• Communications: Modems, network devices, and encryption.
• Embedded Systems: Industrial automation, aerospace, and defense.
• Prototyping: Quick development and testing of digital circuits.

FPGAs are programmed using hardware description languages like Verilog or VHDL, which define the behavior and architecture of the digital circuits.